Avoid summer heat hazards with awareness, planning

  • Published
  • By Wanda Myrick
  • Health Education Program Manager
The summer months are upon us. The summer brings fun and play for many, but also brings health hazards that can easily be avoided with a little planning and preparation. 

Skin cancer is a major problem that most of us can prevent with a few simple precautions, such as wearing sunscreen with a Skin Protection Factor, or SPF, of 15 or more when going outside. It's also a good idea to wear a hat when at the beach or exposed to the hot sun. 

A largely unknown fact is that your hair can be burned by the sun just the same as your skin. Frizzy hair is often the result of too much time in the sun.  Aside from wearing a hat, using leave-in hair products with SPF protection will help protect your hair and scalp from damage. 

Another good idea is to take care of your eyes during the bright summer days by wearing sunglasses for protection from the sun's damaging ultraviolet rays.

Sunburn is not only painful, but is unhealthy and can cause long-term medical problems like skin cancer. Following these simple precautions can prepare you for the sun-filled days of summer.

Other summer health concerns include heat related injuries. The risk of heat stress is increased in very hot and humid weather, especially when combined with heavy exertion and dehydration. An average of 400 people die each year in the U.S. due to extreme heat related injuries. 

Direct exposure of the skin to sunlight and the use of certain medications or diuretics are also risk factors for heat injuries. Painful muscle cramps are an early sign of heat injury and may be accompanied by faintness, dizziness, weakness or profuse sweating. Later symptoms may include cool, moist, pale skin (the skin may also feel hot or be red right after physical activity), headache, dizziness and weakness or exhaustion. 

It is also possible for a heat victim to vomit, lose consciousness and run a temperature as high as 105 F or higher. This late stage is potentially life threatening and requires immediate medical attention. 

When treating someone for a heat-related injury, have them lie down in a cool place with their legs elevated. Fan them and, if they are fully awake, have them drink cool water. Loosen tight clothing and remove any clothes soaked in perspiration. 

To help reduce the core body temperature, apply cool, wet clothes to the skin or ice packs to areas of the body to include armpits, wrists and ankles. Taking precautions to avoid heat injuries can keep you safe and ready for the next great summer adventure.

Insects are an unpleasant reality of the summer months and a few preventive measures to help guard against bites and stings can protect your health and increase your enjoyment of the great outdoors. 

At the very least, bites and stings can be painful and itchy but many insects cause allergic reactions or may be carrying serious diseases. Whenever you're going outside for any extended period of time, it is advisable to use insect repellents. Avoid the use of scented soaps, perfumes or other products which may actually attract bugs. 

Also, stay clear of areas where insects nest or gather, such as stagnant pools of water, garbage cans, and places where flowers are in bloom. Don't leave food, drinks, or garbage out and uncovered. It is a good idea to wear long-sleeve shirts and pants as well as closed-toe shoes when you are in areas potentially infested with ticks and mosquitoes. 

Unless your goal is to attract these pesky critters, you should avoid wearing bright colors or flowery prints as they exert a magnetic draw on insects. 

Proper nutrition is a good way to maintain your energy level. Other good health habits can maximize your enjoyment during the long days of summer. It's a good idea to limit your intake of fat and sugar. Instead, focus on complex carbohydrates, as well as fruits and vegetables. 

Be mindful not to push yourself beyond your physical limits which could lead to exhaustion. When possible, take a rest or nap to help keep your body revived and ready for your next summer adventure. 

Additionally, if you suffer from asthma or other respiratory problems, pay close attention to daily air quality reports to help gauge your activities and don't forget to take your inhaler or other medication with you when go out or on vacation. 

In conclusion, applying these simple preventive measures can help avoid sunburn, insect bites and dehydration, as well as increase your energy levels. Be sure to take care of yourself, and those around you, this summer to guarantee everyone enjoys this great season to the max!